【环球新要闻】英专学硕-外语语言学-考研笔记-3-1-0

时间:2023-05-29 01:49:41来源 : 哔哩哔哩

我先来解释下【外语语言学】考研,【外语语言学】是【英语学硕-语言文学】下属的一个分支。


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“up主你好,我对英美文学不感兴趣,我想考学硕的外语语言学”——英语专业学硕考研,在绝大多数高校,包括八大外院,属于一大类,考【语言学+英美文学+国家概况】综合卷,或者初试学硕只靠【翻译+基础英语(150+150分)】大有学校在!

我所知道【语言学150分】的学校仅西外!当然,难度肯定很高~你来了咱们就是竞争关系啦- -!

再说【语言学】,国内有戴炜栋[戴]、胡壮麟[胡]、刘润清[刘]等版本的教材,外国也有相关的教材——对概念各有各自的说法和理解,但整体上共性大于个性,共性即重点。同时,就拿个性来说,第一章,[刘]还涉及到了【Syntagmatic(横组合)and paradigmatic(纵聚合)relations】、【Functionlism(功能语言学) and formalism(形式语言学)】,其他书上关于【Morphophonology(形态音系学)】的知识点还曾作为某高校真题出现过。

根据所报考学校选择教材!一般来说,考【综合卷】大都是[胡]或[戴]两本书中的其中一本书。我目前打算就用[胡]和[戴]两本书撰写笔记!

【语言学】前期大量时间都花费在整合资源上!哎,像极了爬虫。

第二章什么鬼东西,先战术忽略一下- -!

直接第三章「Morphology形态学」,

(a). Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed[星火].

(b). Morphology is studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed, including inflection and word formation[戴].

有必要关联下【第一章】所给的解释,再整合一下,

(c). It is connected with the internal organization of words. It identified the smallest meaningful units in a language, namely morphemes, and looks into the ways that the morphemes are arranged to form words[胡].

(d). The sounds used in linguistic communication are represented by symbols, i.e. morpheme. The study of the way in which these symbols are arranged and combined to form words has constituted the branch of study called「Morphology」[戴].

面对关于【Morphology】的名词解释题时,(a)(b)(c)(d)单独默写任意一个都是正确的。

但我想得到一个完美的答案——首先,我们先把共同核心元素抽离出来,(a)(b)的【internal organization/structure】、【the rule by which words are formed】,以及(c)(d)的【morpheme】、【arrangement and combination】。

Morphology is the branch of microlinguistics which studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed through the arrangement and combination of morpheme, including inflection and word formation.

超级缝合怪~

关于知识点布局,在[胡]这本书中,第三章囊括了「词及词的变化」、「形态学」,以及第二章相关的「音位变化」。

而在[戴]第三章的构造里,只有「词及形态学」,而关于「词的变化」出现在第七章「Language Change」!

我的构想和安排的目录:

Chapter THREE——「Words and Morphology」

3-1——「Words」

3-1-1词的识别与分类[认识]

(a).词的三种含义[选填判断]

(b).词的稳定性、相对连续性、最小自由形式[选填判断]

(c).变化词与非变化词[选填判断]

(d).语法词与功能词[选填判断]

(e).封闭类词与开放类词[选填判断]

(f).词性分类

3-1-2规范术语之名词解释!

3-2——「Morpheme」

3-2-1词素的识别与分类[认识]

(a).自由词素与粘着词素

(b).词根、词缀、词干

(c).屈折词缀与派生词缀

3-2-2词缀[认识]

(a).深化认识3-2-1

(c).前缀化、中缀化、后缀化

(d).词位、义素、词素变体

3-2-3 规范术语

3-3——「Morphology」

3-3-1屈折形态学与派生形态学[认识]

(a).屈折变化

(b).词的复合

(c).词的派生

3-3-2规范术语

3-4——「Morpheme-oriented Change」

3-4-1——「Lexical Change」

3-4-1-1Lexical Change Proper/Addition of New Words[认识]

Coinage/Invention[共]、Clipped Words/Abbreviation[共]、Blending[共]、Acronym[共]、Back-Formation[共]、Borrowing[共]、Analogical Creation[胡]、Functional Shift[戴]

3-4-1-2规范术语之名词解释!

3-4-2——「Syntax and Semantic Change」

3-4-2-1[戴]包场~词缀的增加、词缀的消失、词的废除、词序的变化[syntax]、否定形式的变化[syntax]

3-4-2-2Change in Meaning of Words

broadening、narrowing、meaning shift/semantic shift、class shift[胡]、folk etymology[胡]

3-4-3——「Phonological change」

3-4-3-1音位变化

脱落、添加、换位、同化

3-5——补充-空档

关键词:

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